Differences between Approaches and Methods

In the field of language teaching, the terms "approach" and "method" are often used to describe different aspects of how languages are taught. While they are related, they refer to distinct concepts. Let's explore the differences between the two:

1. Approach:

An approach in language teaching refers to a set of principles, beliefs, and theories that guide the overall philosophy of language instruction. It serves as the underlying framework or ideology that informs the methods and techniques used in teaching a language.

Key points about approaches in language teaching:

a. Philosophical Foundation: Approaches are rooted in educational and linguistic philosophies. They reflect the broader perspective on language acquisition and learning.

b. Flexibility: Approaches are more flexible and abstract. They provide general principles and guidelines, allowing for adaptation and customization based on the context and learner needs.

c. Examples: Some well-known language teaching approaches include the communicative approach, the cognitive approach, the humanistic approach, and the task-based approach.

2. Method:

A method in language teaching is a set of specific techniques, procedures, and strategies used by teachers to facilitate language learning. Methods are practical and operational, detailing how teachers should conduct lessons and interact with students.

Key points about methods in language teaching:

a. Practical Application: Methods are concrete and practical, offering step-by-step instructions for teaching and learning activities in the classroom.

b. Specific Techniques: Methods include specific techniques such as grammar drills, dialogues, role-plays, and vocabulary exercises that are designed to achieve certain learning objectives.

c. Alignment with Approach: Methods are typically aligned with a particular approach, as they are the means by which the principles of the approach are put into practice.

d. Examples: The direct method, the audio-lingual method, the grammar-translation method, and the communicative language teaching (CLT) method are examples of language teaching methods.

In summary, the main difference between an approach and a method in language teaching is that an approach is a broader, theoretical framework that informs the overall philosophy of teaching, while a method is a specific set of practical techniques and strategies used to implement that approach in the classroom. Approaches provide the "why" behind language teaching, while methods provide the "how." It's common for language teachers to draw from different approaches and methods to create a teaching style that suits their students' needs and the learning context.